Systematic Process for Building a Fault Diagnoser Based on Petri Nets Applied to a Helicopter

This work presents a systematic process for building a Fault Diagnoser (FD), based on Petri Nets (PNs) which has been applied to a small helicopter. This novel tool is able to detect both intermittent and permanent faults. The work carried out is discussed from theoretical and practical point of view. The procedure begins with a division of the whole system into subsystems, which are the devices that have to be modeled by using PN, considering both the normal and fault operations. Subsequently, the models are integrated into a global Petri Net diagnoser (PND) that is able to monitor a whole helicopter and show critical variables to the operator in order to determine the UAV health, preventing accidents in this manner. A Data Acquisition System (DAQ) has been designed for collecting data during the flights and feeding PN diagnoser with them. Several real flights (nominal or under failure) have been carried out to perform the diagnoser setup and verify its performance. A summary of the validation results obtained during real flight tests is also included. An extensive use of this tool will improve preventive maintenance protocols for UAVs (especially helicopters) and allow establishing recommendations in regulations. © 2015 Miguel A. Trigos et al.This work has been supported by the project RoboCity2030- III-CM (Robotica Aplicada a la Mejora de la Calidad de Vida ´ de los Ciudadanos; Fase III; S2013/MIT-2748), funded by the I+D program at Comunidad de Madrid and cofunded by Fondos Estructurales of European Union and by the project Proteccion Robotizada de Infraestructuras Críticas, DPI2014- 56985-R, by Ministerio de Economía y Competitividad of Spain.Peer Reviewe

Liquid packaging process: modeling with Petri nets and simulated with LabVIEW and DSC

In recent decades, research groups, have been using simulation tools to validate their development, before actual testing, the results are quite acceptable and give permission or not to continue a project. Simulation software tools there are many, but we are using LabVIEW and DSC (National Instruments) because its programming environment is friendly and widely used in the automatic. The work shown below, is the development of an application focused on the fault diagnosis, by implementing a systematic algorithm, builted using the modeling tool known as “Petri Nets (MOP)”, which the main target is to make a contribution in the field of industrial safety, avoiding economic losses, estimated in damage to equipment and most important to preserve the physical integrity of human operators. The content illustrates the simulation in LabVIEW of a liquid packaging process and the implementation of their diagnoser using Petri Nets, in order to evaluate the normal and fault behavior offered by the process. Designing a communication platform and man machine interface, which is carried out monitoring, control and supervising system of way on-line.En las últimas décadas los grupos de investigación han utilizado las herramientas de simulación para validar sus desarrollos, antes de hacer pruebas reales, los resultados son bastante aceptables y dan o no autorización para continuar en un proyecto. Herramientas de software para simulación existen muchas, pero se busca utilizar LabVIEW y DSC debido a que su ambiente de programación es amigable y muy utilizado en la automática. El trabajo mostrado a continuación, consiste en el desarrollo de una aplicación enfocada hacia el Diagnóstico y Detección de Fallos, mediante la implementación de un algoritmo sistemático, construido con la herramienta de modelado conocida como “Redes de Petri (RdP)”, donde el objetivo principal es realizar un aporte en el ámbito de la seguridad industrial, para evitar pérdidas económicas, evaluadas en daños a los equipos y, lo más importante, preservar la integridad física de los operarios humanos. El contenido muestra e ilustra la simulación de un Proceso de Envasado de Líquidos y la implementación de su diagnosticador mediante las RdP, con la finalidad de evaluar el comportamiento normal y de fallo ofrecido por el proceso. Se diseña una plataforma e interface de comunicación hombre máquina, en la cual se lleva a cabo la monitorización, control y supervisión On-line del sistema planteado

The homolytic fragmentation of 1-hydroperoxy-eudesmanolides

2 pages, 1 scheme.The 1-hydroperoxy-eudesmanolides 6 and 7 were prepared, then converted to 1,10-sec-eudesmanolides by homolytic fragmentation.This work has been partially financed by the C.A.I.C.Y.T. (Grant Ne 3190/83). A.T. is indebted to the A.I.E.T.I. Foundation for a fellowship

Caracterización de especies de Fusarium que afectan al cultivo de espárrago en Veracruz, México

El cultivo de espárragos es altamente rentable, y es apreciado en la gastronomía gourmet internacional. En México la producción de este vegetal es principalmente de exportación, en el estado de Veracruz es de reciente introducción. El objetivo de la investigación fue caracterizar por morfología, técnicas moleculares y pruebas de patogenicidad las especies de Fusarium aislados de tejidos sintomáticos de turiones de espárrago. Se realizó un muestreo dirigido en plantas que presentaban pudrición, marchitez y manchas de color marrón obscuro. Los aislamientos fúngicos se obtuvieron a partir de turiones enfermos, que fueron desinfectados y sembrados en papa dextrosa agar. Los aislamientos se purificaron en cultivos monospóricos por punta de hifa. Se identificaron cuatro especies de Fusarium por morfología taxonómica, en medio selectivo agar hoja de clavel, luego se realizaron pruebas de patogenicidad cumpliendo con los postulados de Koch. En seguida se caracterizaron por técnicas moleculares a las cepas que resultaron patógenas, y se corroboró su identidad como Fusarium oxysporum y Fusarium proliferatum. Lo información obtenida permite implementar estrategias de manejo apropiadas para las especies patógenas, y con ello evitar pérdidas económicas a corto, mediano y largo plazo en el cultivo de espárrago.

Chemical diversity and potential biological functions of the pygidial gland secretions in two species of Neotropical dung roller beetles

Dung roller beetles of the genus Canthon (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) emit an odorous secretion from a pair of pygidial glands. To investigate the chemical composition of these secretions, we used stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE), coupled with gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) for analysis of extracts of pygidial gland secretions secreted by the dung roller beetles Canthon femoralis femoralis and Canthon cyanellus cyanellus. Chemical analyses of volatiles collected from pygidial gland secretions comprise a great diversity of the functional groups. Chemical profile comparisons showed high intra- and interspecific variability. The pygidial gland secretion of Canthon f. femoralis was dominated by sesquiterpene hydrocarbons, whereas the profile of Canthon c. cyanellus was dominated by carboxylic acids. The different pygidial secretions have a high diversity of chemical compounds suggesting a multifunctional nature involving some key functions in the biology. We discuss the biological potential of these compounds found in the pygidial glands of each species with respect to their ecological and behavioral relevance.We are grateful to CONACYT Mexico for awarding a doctoral scholarship (14643) and a postdoctoral fellowship (184878 and 203310) to V.C.G. This paper is partly based on the Ph.D. thesis of V.C.G. This work was supported by CONACYT Mexico (168373-Etapa II) and the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (Spain) (CGL2008-03878)